Critical rationalism faces difficulty in Karl Popper’s Socratic formulation: “I may be wrong, and you may be right, and by an effort, we may find the truth.” But the Socratic elenchus, using refutations, can only give us negative knowledge of general principles, which is not the wisdom we seek. Affirmatively, we can only find a collection of opinions to be coherent, which is one of many. Francis Bacon proposed an improved elenchus to find general truths. You must take up a limited topic to study, then cross-examine your evidence for and against its apparent nature. Experiments contrary to evidence and presumed knowledge are entered as self-contradictions in tables of opposition recorded in an “EXPERIMENTAL and natural history.” Such an account highlights a challenging puzzle if the account is to be made coherent. With enough problematized evidence, a coherent reading, or a solution of the puzzle, will be unique. Being both coherent and unique, it will be the truth about that limited reality being investigated. Unlike the method of hypothesis (“Anticipating Nature”), deciphering a coherent model is “Interpreting Nature,” allowing us to find a general truth on a limited topic. Isaac Newton achieved great success using Robert Boyle’s mechanistic version of this method. Using the “EXPERIMENTAL philosophy,” he discovered general principles of optics and astronomy.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is one of the most successful techniques of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and is mostly in use for the treatment of infertility with male factors. In this method, before injecting sperm into the intracytoplasmic of the oocyte, cumulus cells around the oocyte must be stripped to facilitate the injection process. To achieve this, both enzymatic and mechanical methods are used in embryological laboratories for denudation, which has major deficiencies, including the possibility of damaging the oocyte prior to the injection process. In this research, a microfluidic-based device is introduced for the separation of cumulus cells around the oocyte with minimum manual operations. The results prove high efficiency, and non-destructive denudation of the oocyte with the reduced amount of culture medium leads to the low-cost preparation process of oocytes. The process can also be integrated with ICSI chips under development and will be reported shortly.

Objective: Celecoxib is a nonstroidal anti-inflammatory drug .This is a selectiveCox-2 inhibitor.Nowadays this drug uses as an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent frequently. In some patients that used celecoxib for a long time, unusual effect of this drug may be seen. The goal of this survey is assess the effect of this drug on male-reproductive system functions.Materials and Methods: This survey done for study of effect of celecoxib on rat reproductive system, specially on spermatogenasis and the level of blood testosterone hormone. In this manner histologic studies and measuring of weight (testis, prostate, seminal vesicle and epidydimis) and the level of blood testestron are done. 50 rat with 200-230 gr. weight selected and compared in 5 groups.control group (no drug given), sham group (solvent drug: Di- methyl sulfoxide), 3 cases group (orally celecoxib 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg given daily) for 15 days. In the end of 15 days heart blood sampling for measuring serum testestron level accomplished after that reproductive systems separated and prepared for histologic study.Results: Result showed no significant differences in mean weight of body testis, epidydimis and seminal vesicle in control and case groups. But significant differences are seen in the mean weight of prostate per body weight in case group (40 mg/kg) in compared with control group. That is due to antimalignant effect of celecoxib on prostate. No differences seem between control and case groups in arrangement mode, nuclei shape and cytoplasm in histologic examination in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in transverse section of seminiferous tubules celecoxib in case group (40 mg/kg) can decrease lydige cells number, that is due to inhibited prostaglandin synthesise, for the result of cox-2 inhibitor and decreased level of testosterone hormone.Conclusion: It looks that number of sertoli cells in control and case groups are differences. So that in case group (40 mg/kg) number of sertoli cells decreased due to decrease testestron level. This can cause production of abnormal sperms. In the survey can conclude that use of high doses of celecoxib can decreased size and number of lydig cells and this is cause of decreased testosterone hormone.

Drying of solids is one of the oldest and most common types of operations used in a variety of industries including agriculture, chemical, food, and so on. The heat transfer mechanism in the dryer is often convection or conduction and a small amount of it is from radiation. In this research the drying of shelled corn in rotary dryer is evaluated, and the effect of inlet air temperature in range of 40-70  C and rotational velocity in range of 5-15 rpm to responses including drying time (hr) and product outlet temperature ( C) is investigated using EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN of a central composite of response surface methodology. The initial and final moisture of shelled corn were 73% and 15% wet basis, respectively. The results showed that the drying time decreased with increasing the air temperature but increased with an increase in rotational velocity. The optimum conditions showed the air inlet temperature of 65/61  C and the rotational velocity of 6. 46 rpm was the best conditions for shelled corn drying in a rotary dryer.

Background and aims: The application of computer codes and numerical modeling in studies and industry is growing. When using computer codes, the accuracy of these encodings and modeling are big questions. Comparing the results of the software with EXPERIMENTAL results is the best method of evaluating these programs. The objective of this study was to EXPERIMENTALly validate a software program developed for local exhaust ventilation DESIGN.Methods: In this EXPERIMENTAL study, seven different local exhaust ventilation systems were DESIGNed and constructed. Velocity pressure, static pressure, total pressure and air velocity were measured at key points of each system. All measured values were compared with similar calculated values by computer software. One-sample T test and Bland Altman plot were used to compare the similar measured and computed parameters. SPSS version 19 was applied for statistical analysis.Results: The percentage difference of measured and calculated air velocities at all channels and hoods were ignorable with maximum amount of 0.5%. Difference between the measured and the calculated values of velocity pressure, static pressure and total pressure in the entire systems were less than 5 percent. Bland-Altman plot and one sample T test showed that the differences were in the range of 2SD and confirmed matching.The results revealed that the air velocities measured with Pitot tube are much more accurate than those measured by thermal anemometer with maximum difference of 14.7%.Conclusion: This study showed that the tested software has an acceptable accuracy with less tha ±5% of error. It also revealed that the application of Pitot tube is much more accurate that thermal anemometer.